were normal while 34.9% deviated from the norm, thus 140 of the children were normal. An anterior crossbite was found in 19 children or 4.6% of the group. A posterior crossbite presented in 20 children or 5% and in the children with both anterior and posterior crossbite 3.2% or 13 children presented with difficulties, as seen in Fig. 9. D iscussion The present study was carried out to survey the occlusal relation-ship and prevalence of malocclu-sion among pediatric patients in Riyadh. The present study showed that the majority of the children in the sample, 64.05%, had a 'mesial step' primary molar rela-tionship, the results are higher than those reported by other stud-ies. 7 In the Najat m. et al study based on bilateral occurrence as seen in Table 1 7 the prevalence of 'mesial step' was 50% which is slightly lower than our study. The prevalence of 'flush terminal plane' was 27.02% and the prevalence of ‘distal step’ was 8.93%. These results of our study coincide with the findings of Dr.Najat. 7 Fig. 7 Regarding permanent molar rela-tionship, the prevalence of occlu-sion according to Angle’s classifica-tion was as follows: class I, occurred in 72.04% of children; class II, in 12.28% of children; and class III, in 13.68% of children. Our findings coincide with the results of Dr. Antanas 2 in the class I relationship, but in class II the prevalence was slightly lower than in the 27.7% found in the study of Antanas et al and the class III relationship is much higher than that reported in the 2.8% of the same study. 2 In canine relationship, the majority of the children in the present study 73% had the canine in a class I relationship, 16.32% Fig. 8 Fig. 9 were in class II and 9.76% in class III. These results concur with those Study (year) Foster (1969) Nanda (1973) Population English Indian Sample Size 100 2500 Age (years) 2-3 2 6 Molar Class II (distal step) 22 10 10 21 19.1 4.3 2.7 13.8 1 13 10 2 Molar Class III (mesial step) 1 18 50 Increased Overjet (> 2 mm) 72 (> 2 mm) 8 Canine Class II 45 10 10 Canine Class III 1 5 25 Anterior Open Bite 24 Posterior Cross Bite 11 Kohler (1973) Infante (1975) Swedish N Am White N Am Black N Am Indian 1517 680 141 75 269 482 575 40 493 4 2 • 5-6 2 • 5-6 2 • 5-6 3 6 6 Primary Dentition 3-4 (> 3 mm) 33 1 7.1 8 30.1 2 1 37.3 90 (> 2 mm) 30 17.5 2.5 31.6 2 6 22 7.1 2.1 5.3 Ravn (1980) Kerosuo (1990) Danish Tanzanian Finnish 5 11 10 8 1 13 12.5 7 Kritsineli (1992) Jones (1993) N. American African-American www.orthodontics.com March/April 2013 33
Journal of the American Orthodontic Society March-April 2013: Page 33
